KO KAI ก k/k k KHO KHAI ข kh/kh kʰ KHO KHUAT ฃ kh/kh xʰ KHO KHWAI ค kh/kh k̄ʰ KHO KHON ฅ kh/kh x̄ʰ KHO RAKHANG ฆ kh/kh k̂ʰ NGO NGU ง ng/ng ṅ Indian palatal,ĬHO CHAN จ ch/t c CHO CHING ฉ ch/– cʰ CHO CHANG ช ch/t c̄ʰ SO SO ซ s/t s̄ CHO CHOE ฌ ch/– ĉʰ YO YING ญ y/n ñ Indian retroflex,ĭO CHADA ฎ d/t ḍ TO PATAK ฏ t/t ṭ THO THAN ฐ th/t ṭʰ THO NANGMANTHO ฑ th/t ṭ̄ʰ THO PHUTHAO ฒ th/t ṭ̂ʰ NO NEN ณ n/n ṇ Indian dental,ĭO DEK ด d/t d TO TAO ต t/t t THO THUNG ถ th/t tʰ THO THAHAN ท th/t t̄ʰ THO THONG ธ th/t t̂ʰ NO NU น n/n n Indisch labial,īO BAIMAI บ b/p b PO PLA ป p/p p PHO PHUNG ผ ph/– pʰ FO FA ฝ f/– f PHO PHAN พ ph/p p̄ʰ FO FAN ฟ f/p f̄ PHO SAMPHAO ภ ph/p p̂ʰ MO MA ม m/m m Thai extension, voiced inaspirate Thai voiceless inaspirate Thai voiceless aspirate Thai extension, fricatives, some obsolete Thai voiceless aspirate Thai extension, fricatives, some obsolete Thai voiceless aspirate Thai Therefore, Thai has three unvoced aspirated and one voiceless inaspirated series. Thai has hardly any voiced stops, and thus the two voiced series of Sanskrit code for voiceless aspirated sounds in Thai. As Thai has no retroflexes, the pronounciaton of the retroflexes and the dentals are merged, and the former appear only in Indic loanwords. Sanskrit has five series of obstruents (velar, palatal, retroflex, dental and labial), and all of them have survived in Thai Script. The fundamentally Indian stucture of the script is well visible among the consonants. Clearly, it is not easy to have a script catering to both sets of requirements but Thai does so. Many consonants phones are restricted to the syllable onset (or, put differently, in final position many phonemic differences become neutralized). While Sanskrit allows word size to grow almost indefinitely, Thai’s core vocabulary is mostly monosyllabic (polysyllabic Thai words exist, but are typically Sanskrit loans) it is essential for the reader to parse the text syllable by syllable, so onset and coda consonants must be easily distinguishable. Indic languages have many consonants (shown on the right side for later reference), few vowels and no tones Thai has few consonants, a large number of vowels (some of which are complex), and five phonemic tones. Thus, the script has to serve two very different languages, and this means it is asking for trouble. At the same time, for cultural reasons, the script still hat to maintain some compatibility to Indic Languges, chiefly Pali and Sanskrit, to ensure easy access to Indian Buddhist writings. That means that the writing system had to be massively reworked in order to become fit with Thai, abandoning most of the Indic core featured. In principle, Thai Script is a member of the Indic Script Family yet because of largely different language structure, it became nessesary to bend the Indic script principles to their extreme. Thai orthography is, like that of most South East Asian languages using Indic scripts, very complicated and full of irregularities. The tone marks reside at a higher position than the vowel signs, even if none of the latter are present (not all fonts show this behaviour, although they should). Like all Indisc Scripts, it consists of syllabic consonants letters that ar combined with vowel signs the vowel signs may appear left, right, above or beow the consonant they are attached to.Ī rather unique feature of Thai script (sometimes also found in Lao) is that those diacritics going to the top of a consonant arrange in two different vertical levels: Thai Script belongs to the Indic Script Family, although it shows heavy modifications from the Indian original to account for the many more vowels and also for the phonemic tones of Thai. Is so similar to Thai Script that I found it convenient to include both in this index. These two languages are so similar that they form a dialect continuum and are fairly inter-intellegible. Thai language is part of the Kradai Language Family (also known as Kadai, Thai–Kadai or Daic) and not related to the majority of South–East Asian languages. Which itself is split into several differring dialects. Is (almost) exclusively used to write the Thai Language K Kʰ K̄ʰ Ṅ C C̄ʰ S̄ D T T̄ʰ N B P Pʰ F P̄ʰ F̄ M Y R L W S H ʿ Ħ
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